Abstract: A common pathophysiological changes caused by liver cirrhosis indudes damage of liver function and portal hypertension, and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension is the main cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, the main purpose of portal hypertension treatment should be prevention and control of esophagus and fundus of stomach variceal bleeding. However, upper gastrointestinal bleeding can not be completely cured no matter by medication or endoscopic treatment, devascularization or shunt. Although liver transplantation is the best treatment method for portal hypertension, the application of liver transplantation is limited by the source of donor and medical condition. Devascularization is effective to treat upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension, while disputes exist on the surgical indications, timing and procedure selection.